Do universal moral principles exist If so, what are these universal Research Paper

Do universal moral principles exist If so, what are these universal morals - Research Paper Example The issue seems endless, the answer unreachable on any proven level, yet is sparks fire in the hearts of even the judges in courtrooms who must apply the law to ‘hard cases’ and stretch its definition whilst keeping in line with written provisions. Indeed, there are strong arguments both for and against the existence of universal moral standards. The issue is not one of proof; it is rather one of providing the most plausible argument. So what is a universal moral principle? It is an objective knowledge of right and wrong; a confidence in the natural goodness of human nature. Our reflective intellect possesses a direct knowledge of the qualities from which conclusions might be drawn about what these moral rules are. The biggest problem faced by this contention is answering the question: where do they come from? Are they inherent within us, or do they come from a higher being? Do we learn them over time as we grow, or were we born with the ability to access these moral principles? Aquinas makes reference to the existence of natural laws created by God, which we access by intellectual reasoning given to us by Him (Aquinas 1920, Q.2-94:2). Hare states that human logic applies to our moral assertions, allowing us to arrive at an objective standard of moral principles. Rousseau argued that we were born with a certain set of natural rights, which are then transpired into the moral respect we give each other Rousseau (17 62). If these different contentions are right, they all point to one thing; an existing set of moral principles, followed universally. So, everyone considers murder, or the taking of another’s life to be immoral. This is very plausible if one considers the law and punishment severity in law for murder; we all arguably believe in the preservation of life. However, in some societies this means killing the

1. What advantages or disadvantages will bring globalization to any Essay

1. What advantages or disadvantages will bring globalization to any small business To any large business To you as a citizen - Essay Example Globalisation in the 21st century is believed to have the ability to transform the political, economic and social environment of all member countries in the coming years. Thus, the paper tries to bring out the activities, both advantageous and disadvantageous, that result in general globalisation i.e. globalisation to both small and large businesses as well as citizens. This is the act of bringing together different people with different political, social and economic backgrounds and forming of one global community (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 2000). Behind the success of the process lies the economics of international trade, free market frameworks and investment. As earlier mentioned, globalisation encompasses integrating people from different settings, thus it bridges the gap between developing and developed nations as well as creates new cultural exchanges, business models, considerations and experiences within the participating nations (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 2000). The globalisation process began during World War II when Britain and USA leaders helped to establish the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) so as to encourage a capitalist world that is liberal and eliminate the Socialism and Marxism world (Nayyar 2000). Nayyar further affirms that the borrower of the loan from these organisations automatically qualified to follow the preset conditions i.e. reduce import barriers, eliminate financial backing for local-based industries, devalue their currency, put emphasis on export production as opposed to production for local consumption and reduce wages and expenditure on social wellbeing. These conditions resulted in a number of open economies developing a mechanism for integrating with other economies which led to the formation of the World Trade Organisation. Small businesses, small and medium enterprises or simply SME’s as referred to in the European Union (EU) and by other

Comparison six research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparison six research methods - Essay Example Longitudinal studies as well as observational studies are generally used in those places where a lot of time is taken to finally extract useful information. Questionnaire surveys are used for getting quick responses and used for pilot studies as well as feedback processes. Focus groups and Delphi techniques generally use experts as their respondents. All of the above methods have their own benefits and disadvantages. Few limitations of these market research methods have also been discussed which can be further studied and reinvented to form better and more efficient research methods. Introduction Business research is described as an organized and systematic effort which aims to investigate a specific issue or problem which has been encountered during the work setting and requires solving (Seale, 2004). The first stage in a research process is the identification of the critical problem. Once the problem has been clearly defined, the next steps include gathering information, analyzing data and solving the problem by taking necessary steps and corrective measures. Research methods Research methods are of various categories depending on the requirements of the research. These methods use different approaches, tools and techniques for conducting a research. However, they can be divided into two broad categories. Quantitative methods are generally used during development research while participatory or qualitative research is used to get desirable outcomes. Even though these research methods are continuously used in various research questions and studies, yet they are continuously being developed as well as integrated in order to gain better results (Coffey & Aktinson, 1996). A thin line of difference exists between research methods and research methodology. While research methods talks about specific activities which are created to generate data, research methodology is about the understanding as well as attitude of the researcher towards the strategy and research w hich is chosen in order to answer the research questions. Implication and Discussion Longitudinal study is a type of correlation research involving repeated observations. This type of study can extend for many years and even decades. Here the same participants are studied for a particular period (Diggle, Heagerty, Liang & Zeger, 2002). It is generally used while studying clinical events such as, HIV patients and their diseases and immunity status, across various countries and over time (Frison & Pocock, 1992). It is used in individual studies where participants are studied and tracked (Hogan & Laird, 1997). It is also used in household panel studies where people are tracked and observed within their vicinity for collecting data. Longitudinal studies are high in terms of validity. Individuals usually fail to remember previous events and even if they are insisted, they might not remember the correct data. Longitudinal studies are particularly helpful in finding out long term variation s or changes. The estimates collected in this study are more efficient compared to cross-sectional studies (Donner & Klar, 1994). However, there are certain limitations associated with longitudinal studies. Gathering results during longitudinal study is very difficult as it is time taking and tedious. More often than not, participants drop out before completion of the survey. This process is known as subject attrition and is very