Types of Literature Essay Example for Free

Types of Literature Essay1) Novella A wisela is the realise given to a work that is longer than a ill-considered story, but too brief to be listed as a novel. Typically, most novellas can undulate from anywhere between 50 to 100 pages, though length can vary. Some literary critics characterize the maximum length of a novella to be 100,000 words. Today, the novella is rarely sold as an individual work. More frequently, several novellas are compiled into one book, or a novella pass on be group with a number of short stories by the same author. (Ex. John W. Campbells Who goes there? ) 2) Novel A novel is a fictional piece of prose normally written in a narrative style. Novels tell stories, which are typically defined as a series of events described in a sequence. The novel has been a part of human culture for over a thousand years, although its origins are somewhat debated. Regardless of how it began, the novel has risen to prominence and remained one of the most popular and treasured examples of human culture and writing.(Ex.Moby Dick by Herman Melville) 3) Poetry art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. (Ex. How to change a frog into a Prince by Anna Denise) 4) Drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere designed to be acted by players on a stage before an audience. This definition may be applied to motion picture drama as well as to the conventional stage. (Ex. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare) 5) Short Story are written works that are usually fiction.They are sometimes known as micro fiction or flash fiction, and they are exceptionally short pieces that tell a story in a brief amount of space and time. Most short short stories are shorter than 1500 words, and some are even as short as 500 words. It is exceptionally difficult to tell a complete story in such a short amount of space, so these types of stories can be quite a challenge for writers. Literary magazines and other websites or print publications will often print such stories to fill a small amount of space at press time. (Ex. The Clever Fox)

Project Management Essay Example for Free

Project Management EssayMoving forward to begin the process of managing the trade show control for LRH Products, it is important that only aspects of the process are performed correctly and efficiently. After studying the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and the nine knowledge subjects, I have ascertained that the hobby three areas are of ut close importance to the success of this project Project clock time Management, Project Human Resource Management, and Project Communications Management.Project Time Management, which contains the sub-areas of Activity Definition, Activity Sequencing, and Activity Duration Estimating is a very important part of planning for the trade show. Activity Definition is perhaps the most authoritative aspect of this area. If this step is non thoroughly researched and altogether scenarios accounted for, it can impact the rest of the planning activities. It is essential to remember that training is one activity which mustiness be t he right way time managed and added to the schedule, as well. Even one forgotten item can put the inherent project behind schedule.Unfortunately, if time is not managed properly, there can be no extensions to the trade show date. Activity Sequencing is a bit less important although it must also be given(p) careful consideration. Oftentimes, the performance of one activity hinges on the completion of another so little regard to this area could also impact the time to pass exclusively required activities. Activity Duration Estimating can be one of the trickiest parts of the planning process, especially for a new manager who has no first-hand acquaintance dealing with the assigned personnel and little or no knowledge of resource availability.Oftentimes, managers will respond to questions regarding time in an optimistic manner, believing that this is what their superiors take to hear. It does no good to anyone involved to seriously underestimate the amount of time required and ca n add undue stress to those assigned tasks with no desire of completing them according to schedule as well as detrimentally affecting motivation and commitment. It is vital to always allow enough time to come upon all that needs to be done as well as accounting for changes which may hamper progress. Of course, as uncertainty declines, the time estimate becomes of all time more accurate (Billows, 2006).Project Human Resource Management entails Organizational Planning, Staff scholarship, and Team Development. This is important in that one person cannot perform all tasks and requires the help of a team. According to Trade Show Advisor (2008), the effectiveness of your exhibit team can make or break your success at any given show. Deciding on who is scoop equipped to handle each activity is vital, although when large amounts of personnel are needed (depending on the size of the trade show) it may be infallible to train staff members who might not have prior experience.Particularl y for a new manager, it is best to assign tasks based on areas of strength for instance, it is known that Pat enjoys updating the collateral. This is a perfect assignment for Pat, then, and the effective manager will base goal times on completion around this employees schedule vacation in order to ensure it is performed effectively. Dealing with Terry, who can make travel arrangements only if often makes mistakes in setting them up, means additional time considerations to perform follow-up on Terrys work to check for accuracy. Staff Acquisition is another area of consideration.Due to the limited amount of time each assigned employee is available to devote to the project and keeping in mind that out of the blue(predicate) circumstances, such as illness or personal emergencies may occur, it is always wise to have a selection of personnel from which to select as back-up. Ensuring that all staff members are on the same page and communicating frequently will aid in Team Development. E veryone involved must realize that this project is a team effort and commit to doing whatever is necessary to accomplish goals. As well, it is critical to encourage honest and open communication so that there are no surprises as the project nears its end.Staff members must know that it is all right to admit they are not going to make a deadline, in order for the project manager to come up with alternatives before it is too late to fix. Project Communications Management is by far the most important area of the project management plan. A loss of, or breakdown in, communication can have disastrous results for the entire project. If not properly managed, lost or missing communication can mean the staff attending the show are unprepared, or do not have the necessary resources.Within this broad category are the areas of Communication Planning, education Distribution, Performance Reporting, and Administrative Closure. Communication Planning deciding who needs to know what is a division best addressed carefully. It takes the ability to look at the big picture to best determine who must stay in the loop. Oftentimes, it is assumed that a belittled player, such as an administrative assistant, need not be communicated with as much, or as often, as others, but this can be a mordant mistake.Remember that support staff left behind during the trade show itself are the only lifeline between clients and absent sales managers. It is also a good idea to have one staff member who is not attending the show to be fully informed of all activities in the project. Information Distribution is also a key component, especially when deciding how to communicate vital information. It is important to ensure that all team members receive communications in a timely manner and let the project manager know it has been received to avoid later problems or excuses.Similarly, Progress Reporting is an additional area in which it is vital to ensure the manager is working with the most up-to-date information and that all personnel are aware of how their progress, or lack thereof, impacts the entire project. Administrative Closure is the final step in communication of the project. This is where the manager is held accountable for the success of the trade show and the resulting sales leads which must be followed up on after its conclusion.

The handmaids tale Essay Example for Free

The handmaids tale EssayMoira is a strong and independent woman who is not like other handmaids and therefore has a vast regalia of roles through bulge the play. Moira is an autonomous woman who rejects the responsibility and job of the handmaid and as a result of this the narrator uses her proper name. Moira allows the narrator to express her feelings so the reader can see her from different angles and see her different characteristics. One of Moiras main features is her rebelliousness, which the reader sees through the past, present and the future. For example when Moira and Offred where both in college, Moira was the unitary who wanted to go out(p), have a good time. She wanted Offred to come with her even though she k clean that she was expected to hand in an assignment the next day I had a paper due the next day. She rebelled against the system in college she did the opposite of what was expected from her. Even when she was brought into the centre where they train all t he handmaids she was wearing jeans, she stood out from the rest and was clearly rebellious. She is a Feminist heroine who all the other handmaids look up to.She is an individual, a leader and a figurehead. She has a striking impact on the rest of the handmaids, she influences them giving them hope and inspiration. Due to Moiras presence the aunts seem less fearsome and frightening, she exposes them for what they real are. She does by the focus she escapes she doesnt just run she actually ties angiotensin-converting enzyme of them up and shows that they can be physically hurt. This reminds the handmaids that the aunts are only human and in a way it reassures them. To all the other handmaids she is a heroine but from Gileads side she is a loose women.Moira defies the Gilead regime so much that she tries to escape and on her second attempt she succeeds and as a result of this Moira never actually becomes a proper handmaid. This is just another example of Moira being a heroine and s howing the reader her revolutionary nature. Even when Moira has disappeared from the scene she is still making a dramatic impact on both the handmaids and the reader. She is even more of a role model Moira was our fantasy. She inspires the other handmaids and gives them hope for the future.However, her escape also has a reverse profess it causes Offred to feel lonely and abandoned so much that she begins to reminisce about her time she spent with Moira in college. Even past memories inspire and motivate Offred that she comes to imbibe that they can control her body but not her mind. Moira also portrays the motherly figure within the novel an example of this is when Janine starts to cry and wants to go home. If the aunts where to find out she would be punished severely. Moira steps in and takes charge she is the dominant one and is like a mother.However, she is not sensitive or caring instead she slaps Janine. This shows the reader that although she is very rebellious she is aware of the rules and she knows how far she can go. She is also caring but in a violent way, although she slaps Janine she saved her life. Although the other Handmaids are credibly jealous they do look up to her. When she was tortured everyone stole and took a big risk to bring Moira packets of kale. Moira cant really do much with packets of sugar but it shows that they care and is also a sign of respect.When Moira and Offred where in college to repayher Moira was a lesbian, which again is rebelling against human nature, she was an obvious lesbian she wore long dangly earrings. When Moira escaped she manages to get a job at a place called jezebels working as a prostitute. This is everything that Gilead stood against and is now what she has become. This again shows the reader and Offred Moiras radical nature. Even when Moira stayed at Jezebels she remained a lesbian. In conclusion Moira is a significant character that plays a major part in the past, present and the future of the novel.Sh e is a clear revolutionary and finds new ways to break the rules. She is an individual, the uniforms that the handmaids had to wear were supposed to take away their individuality but Moira was too passionate and determined and she wouldnt let it. She was a leader who godlike others and gave them hope for the future. Moira always wanted to be the centre of attention, which may be while she was so rebellious. She lived the dream of all the other handmaids by physically getting to the aunts and then escaping.However, towards the end of the book she was a bit disappointment. She was working in jezebels wearing a bunny costume, which is very demeaning and in a way shows sign of defeat. She is more or less everything that the aunts said that they were trying to protect the other handmaids from. She is almost at the lowest of the low. Show preview only The to a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Margar et Atwood section.

Improving Access to Nature in Urban Environments

Improving Access to Nature in urban EnvironmentsIn an urbanizing world, discuss the value of green and blue dummys in towns and cities and light upon some of the approaches being used to improve access to nature.Introduction50 years after Henri Lefebvre identified seeds of planet Trantor, Isaac Asimovs (1995) completely urbanized learning fiction planet, amidst the Earths urbanization (Merrifield, 2013), 54% of global population today are urban dwellers, and it is projected to increase to 66% in 2050 (United Nations, 2014). Lefebvres prognostications are coming true at a staggering pace. Such booming population growth in cities and towns puts immense pressure on constantly-shrinking urban situations. In light of competing land use, the frantic pursuit of economic prosperity and social advancement has neglected urban green and aquatic environments. Many outride incognizant of the importance of nature and its access within increasely concretized landscapes. The benefits and detri ments of urban green and blue spaces will be explored using a multi-dimensional approach considering motley aspects of urban natures importance.Health DimensionTo begin with, from the perspective of well-being, green and blue environments satisfy a fundamental human need for a contributing(prenominal) environment. Human evolution theory suggests that modern universe have developed a certain genetic inclination to respond positively to habitat settings favourable to survival and well-being of their ancestors (Kellert and Wilson, 1993). These responses are believed to be triggered when immersed within nature. As such, the restorative effects of nature seem to serve as raw(a) tranquilizers amidst the urban hustle and bustle (van den Berg et al., 1998). For instance, Ulrich (1984) discovered that hospital patients with the opportunity to look out onto greenery recovered much quicker from surgery than those whose views were limit to buildings. This reflects the recuperative influenc es of green spaces on well-being of urban dwellers. Further research also strengthened evidence of restorative sounds and visual properties of wet and waves within aquatic spaces (White et al, 2010). The array of physical and spiritual healing functions of natural environments provide the basis of human needs that make cities and towns liveable.Socio-Spatial DimensionMoving on, from a social paradigm, natural environments within urban localities can facilitate social progression by allowing people to seek unrestrained refuge while providing valued recreational space. The impeccant world of the public park has always evolved a pre-lapsarian world of innocence and autonomy (Thompson, 2002, p. 66). Indeed, chasing after better lives and getting to places on time have caused in the flesh(predicate) time to be left behind amidst busy cosmopolitan lifestyles. The serene natural environment is perhaps the only place where one could seek emotional shelter in terms of privacy and self-re flection. In addition to being emotional sanctuaries, urban green and blue spaces represent extended recreational space amidst congested urban environments. Growing urban populations are forcing people to live even closer than ever before as land use be begins competitive. For instance, half of Hong Kongs population is housed within continuously shrinking living space at approximately 13.4m per individual (Hong Kong Housing Authority, 2014). Increasing proximity between humans generates feelings of confinement within countless of man-made walls. Hence, the presence of open green and blue spaces allow urban dwellers to step away from the highly-constrained landscapes of built environments, where there is space for ones privacy and for forging social relationships free from cramped cities and towns.While recognising the importance of urban green and blue spaces, it would be myopic to escape any potential detriments. Although these natural environments are paradise away from stressf ul urban life, they could also be harbour potential danger. These natural habitats provide ferine breeding grounds for crime and incivilities, and could be a place of fear and anxiety (Thompson, 2002, pp. 66). Research studies revealed that reckonors to promenades along the Rhine in cologne water and Dsseldorf, especially women and elderly, were have-to doe with about theft and harassment in addition to issues of victimisation (Vlker and Kistemann, 2013, pp. 120). The manifestation of crime and anti-social behaviour creates negative perceptions and feelings of powerlessness that indirectly erect mental barriers for potential nature users.Development DimensionApart from the benefits that urban inhabitants enjoy, it is also imperative that we consider the advantages of having urban natural environments within cities and towns. Urban green and blue spaces contribute to the sustainable development of built environments, in both economic and ecological dimensions. Research conducted by White et al. (2010) revealed that combined green and blue environments were most preferred, visualised in Fig 1.Fig 1 Research Conclusions on Environment Preference RatingsSource White et al. (2010), pp. 487The aesthetic appeal of nature highlighted above translates to high fiscal revenue and monetary returns for the urban settlement. For instance, people were found to be willing to pay almost 8% to 12% more for housing properties with views of water and green interface across several districts within the Netherlands (Luttik, 2000). In addition, urban greenery also attracts greater influx of foreign investments into cities and towns, exemplified by the beautification of Singapore as a garden metropolis that propelled the citys economic rise (Braatz, 1993). Hence, the presence of green and blue spaces in urban areas create positive perceptions of amiable environments, which makes cities and towns more alluring in the economic sense.Furthermore, ecological footprints of urban de velopment could potentially be mitigated. Research has shown that 85% of air pollutants and dust particles can be filtered out in a typical-sized urban park (Bolund and Sven, 1999), In addition, the combined effects of green and blue spaces are also effective in combating the urban heat island effect. Ambient temperatures within Chapultepec Park in Mexico City were observed to be 2C to 3C lower than surrounding urban areas (Jauregui, 1990/1991). The presence of natural spaces helps to regulate the urban environment and make cities and towns more hospitable. For any urban settlement pursuing sustainable development, these green and blue spaces may hold the answers.Improving Access to NatureGrowing understanding of the urban natures beneficial outcomes and potential detriments has generated renewed focus on qualification nature more accessible. Different definitions of improving access underpin the myriad of strategies and implementations that have been adopted.Firstly, the shift in focus towards green groundwork which involves enhancing engineered water infrastructure by integrating nature with urban grey infrastructure have become increasingly popular (Wendel et al., 2011). This approach interprets improving accessibility as increasing the distribution of natural spaces. Recent academic literature suggest that we may have to bring nature to people rather than have people come to nature, especially in urbanized environments (Lin et al., 2014, pp. 6). Thus, nature should be incorporated into existing urban infrastructure to raise opportunities for encounters. In Tampa, Florida, converted storm water ponds intensify with green spaces saw a 35% increase in walking access (Wendel et al., 2011). On the other hand, in South-East London, such incorporation was through through the restoration of a section of river Ravensbourne within Cornmill Gardens by replacing concrete encasements with natural sloping banks and bank vegetation (The London Rivers Action Plan, 200 9). These strategies, combination landscape and water management, mimics natural watersheds to enhance urban hydrology while greatly improving public access.Another strategy to improve accessibility points towards public procreation espousing human connections with nature. This approach understands improving access through raising motivation to visit nature. tuition theory suggests that biophilia (Kellert and Wilson, 1993) and interest in nature are support by early childhood experiences (Stokes, 2006). Removal of such experiences would dramatically reduce ones motivation to visit nature regardless of accessibility. To illustrate, the Forest Schools Education (FSE) movement was originally developed to develop a greater affinity with nature for pre-school children in Denmark. This Scandinavian concept, now adopted across pre-schools worldwide, develops childrens keep of nature through regular visits to natural spaces for play (Forest Schools Education, 2013). Cultivating ones or ientation towards nature through interactive opportunities can therefore develop life-long motivations to visit the natural environment.Thirdly, improving accessibility by reducing barriers to usage advocates the improvement of public amenities within natural spaces. This approach focuses on creating preventive and conducive conditions for public access to nature with a peace of mind. This greatly reduces perceptions of danger and encourages frequent access. In Santa Cruz, Bolivia, over 65% of respondents highlighted safety as the main barricade that limited accessibility of nature (Wendel et al., 2012). Hence, access to nature can be augmented through improved public amenities and infrastructure to make these spaces safer. In capital of Colombia, Columbia, improving access to nature focused upon heightened security and safety through installing fences, increasing uniformed guard patrol frequencies and improving lighting conditions (Berney, 2010). Thus, safe natural environments w ould encourage more frequent visits and greatly reduce deterrence of usage associated with perceptions of danger.ConclusionBeing indispensable ecological assets in todays urbanizing world, urban green and blue environments deliver an extensive range of crucial functions that cover health and social benefits to ecological and economic goals. Facilitating public access to these lungs of the city (Sutton, 1971) through a spectrum of interventions ensure that the opportunities and perks provided by these urban ecosystems help improve the quality of urban life. As planet Earth increasingly resembles Trantor more than ever before, we must realize that in order to sustain the development of cities and towns, urban natural environments are a must-have rather than a nice-to-have.1509 wordsBibliographyAsimov, I. 1955. Foundation, (Voyager Paperback, London).Berney, R. 2010. Learning from Bogota How municipal experts transformed public spaces, Journal of Urban Design, 15(4) pp. 539 558.Bolund , P. and Sven, H. 1999. Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas, Ecological Economics, 29 pp. 293 301.Braatz, S. 1993. Urban Forestry in Developing Countries Status and Issues, in Kollin, C., Mahon, J. and Frame, L. (eds) Proceedings of the Sixth National Urban Forest Conference Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 14-18, 1993, (American Forests, Minnesota).Forest Schools Education, 2013. Introduction to Forest Schools, http//www.forestschools.com/course-material/forest-schools-general/, Accessed 11th October 2014.Hong Kong Housing Authority, 2014. Housing in Figures 2014, https//www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/common/pdf/about-us/publications-and-statistics/HIF.pdf.Jauregui, E. 1990/1991. Influence of a large urban park on temperature and convective precipitation in a tropical country, Energy and Buildings, 15 16 pp. 45 63.Kellert, S.R. and Wilson, E.O. 1993. The biophilia hypothesis, (Island Press, Washington DC).Lin, B., Fuller, R., Bush, R., Gaston, K. and Shanahan, D. 2014. Opportunit y or Orientation? Who Uses Urban Parks and Why, PLOS ONE, 9(1) pp. 1 7.Luttik, J. 2000. The value of trees, water and open space as reflected by house prices in the Netherlands, Landscape and Urban Planning, 48 pp. 161 167.Merrifield, A. 2013. The Urban Question under Planetary Urbanization, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37.3 pp. 909 922.Rosenzweig, M.L. 2003. Win-Win Ecology How The Earths Species send packing Survive In The Midst of Human Enterprise, (Oxford University Press, New York).Stokes, D.L. 2006. Conservators of Experience, BioScience, 56(1) pp. 6 7.Sutton, S.B. (ed.). 1971. Civilizing American Cities A Selection of Frederick Law Olmsteds Writings on City Landscapes, (MIT Press, Cambridge).The River restoration Centre, 2009. The London Rivers Action Plan A tool to help restore rivers for people and nature, http//www.therrc.co.uk/lrap/lplan.pdf.Thompson, C.W. 2002. Urban open space in the 21st Century, Landscape and Urban Planning, 60 pp. 59 7 2.Ulrich, R.S. 1984. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery, Science, 224 pp. 420 421.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2014. existence Urbanization Prospects The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352).van den Berg, A.E., Maas, J., Verheij, R.A. and Groenewegen, P. 2010. Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health, Social Science and Medicine, 70 pp. 1203 1210.Vlker, S. and Kistemann, T. 2013. Im always entirely happy when Im here Urban blue enhancing human health and well-being in Cologne and Dsseldorf, Germany, Social Science and Medicine, 78 pp.113 124.Wendel, H.E., Downs, J.A. and Milhelcic, J. 2011. Assessing Equitable Access to Urban Green Space The Role of Engineered Water Infrastructure, Environmental Science and Technology, 45 pp. 6728 6734.Wendel, H.E., Zarger, R. and Mihelcic, J. 2012. availableness and usability Green space preferences, perceptions and barriers in a rapidly u rbanizing city in Latin America, Landscape and Urban Planning, 107 pp. 272 282.White, M., Smith, A., Humphryes, K., Pahl, S., Snelling, D. and Depledge, M. 2010. Blue Space The importance of water for preference, match and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30 pp. 482 493.

Crime Is Socially Constructed Criminology Essay

Crime Is Socially Constructed Criminology EssayNowadays hard to imagine daily life without news telling us stories active shocking tragedies happening around the world. Unfortunately almost e rattlingbody is interested in actions that can harm somebody. In media even existing a victim pecking order (more sensational victim goes on top) of attraction interest of audience. People are measure beings. It is in our habits to judge ourselves and people around us. Rules are governing all over it sets correct and incorrect behaviour of society members.Norm and rules should be conformed and existence of tender assure is aimed to ensure it. During social get a line process behaviour of individuals and groups is regulate by formal and informal agents. In process of socialization operates internal social restraint, here people adopt and learn norms from parents, peers, media, and etc. This type of control is targeted to individuals conscience meanwhile more concentration of sociologists g ets external social control ruled by formal agents as police, courts, and etc. and negative sanctions (punishing the various forms of deviation). (Goode, 1994)It is very important to guess difference between deviance and crime because first leading to second. Sociologists refer to behaviour that is regarded as wrongdoing, that generates negative reaction in individuals who look or hear about it, deviant behaviour, both deviant behaviour and traits or conditions that generate a similar condemnatory, rejecting reaction in others are called social deviance or simply deviance. (Goode, 1994, p.1)Crime is a form of deviant behaviour. Deviance can be stated as a violation against norms and value of a wider society. For example one person accepts as a norm to be a part of sub-culture- Goths. This individual support their ideas and traditions, but a nonher(prenominal) thinks unalike because of his life experience or other impact factor (e.g. taste) that performing and dressing as Goths i s incorrect and it becomes deviant. In this issue it is legal (actually to be a Goth) but some of deviant behaviour can lead to criminal activity (e.g. smoking in public place). Overall, crime is more about shift formal norms, but deviance-informal.Crime is socially constructed, this is a fact. Interactionist school of sociology tells us that the social order contain a variety of social groups where each acting in a way he understands the reality.(Muncie and McLaughlin, 1997) They react on certain behaviours and state people as being different from their morality or ethnical norms. These different are labelled as deviants or even criminals. Social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infractions constitute deviance and by applying those rules to ill-tempered people and labelling them as outsiders. (Becker, c1991 p.9) However, crime changes across cultures and times, for example to take queerness. In not long time ago, 1895, Oscar Wilde was sentenced to two years hard labour (Online) homosexuality counted as a mental disorder and was subject of brutal punishment. Nowadays, in many countries crime label for homosexuality is removed. Another example of changes is violence in family against women and children. It was a little interest from police and laws about this problem not a long time ago. This actions was counted as a right of men to reconstruct discipline harming more weak members of family. Because of feminist and womens right activists campaigns to support victims, made a great work, and now violence in families is a serious crime. These kinds of interactions another time prove that crime is socially constructed. It seems too ideal from the angle of reality, but actually it is important to understand another point that who make rules to control society?According conflict theory, the law is created by tendinous and privileged and benefits exactly to them so making powerless criminals. (Pond, 1999) Regarding Becker, unprivileged and power less people, no matter of take aim of injury and damage they done, are likely to be arrested, judged powerful people create illusions, that those who are at the bottom of social hierarchy (measured in case of income level, race, education degree)- are more dangerous in society. This powerful elite creates environment where ordinary people become dependent of state and its social control agents who protect from lawlessness, but also often victimizing ordinary people one or another way.(Becker, c1991) Media is one of the major tool to help people understand what they need to be more afraid of. There is more to crime and criminals than the state reveals. But most people cannot see it (Becker, c1991, p.15)In conclusion, is sensible to add together main aspects of all above. Firstly, talking about deviance is important to underline that it varies depending to cultural groups individuals labelled as deviant only if others define them that way and that powerful and powerless are involved in social power. It is interesting that regarding functional theory of crime, especially Durkheim, deviance perform four functions essential to society deviance proves cultural values and norms the way people respond to deviant behaviour clarifies society moral boundaries society becomes more united and the last but not the least of importance, deviance support social change. Generally speaking, understanding of deviant behaviour and crime can lead to better society. (Macionis and Plummer, 1997)

Antigone Essay -- essays research papers

The opening events of the play Antigone, written by Sophocles, quickly build the central conflict among Antigone and Creon. Creon has decreed that the traitor Polynices, who tried to burn down the temple of gods in Thebes, must not be given comely burial. Antigone is the only one who will speak against this decree and insists on the sacredness of family and a symbolic burial for her brother. Whereas Antigone sees no validity in a law that disregards the employment family members owe one another, Creons point of view is exactly opposite. He has no use for anyone who places private ties above the common good, as he proclaims firmly to the emit and the audience as he revels in his victory over Polynices. He sees Polynices as an enemy to the state because he attacked his brother. Creons first speech, which is dominated by course such as "authority and "law, shows the extent to which Creon fixates on government and law as the supreme authority. Between Antigone and Creon th ere can be no compromisethey both find absolute validity in the respective loyalties they uphold.      In the struggle between Creon and Antigone, Sophocles audience would have recognized a authorized conflict of duties and values. From the Greek point of view, both Creons and Antigones positions are flawed, because both oversimplify ethical manners by recognizing only one kind of good or duty. By oversimplifying, each ignores the fact that a conflict exists at every(prenominal), or that deliberation is necessary. Moreover, both Creon and Antigone display the dangerous flaw of pride in the focal point they justify and carry out their decisions. Antigone admits right from the beginning that she wants to carry out the burial because the action is glorious. Antigone has a savage spirit she has spent most of her life burying her family members.      Creons pride is that of a tyrant. He is inflexible and unyielding, unwilling throughout the pla y to listen to advice or Antigone. Creons love for the city-state cause him to abandon all other beliefs. He tries to enforce this upon the people of Thebes. He wants them to think that his laws should be followed before any other personal, moral, or religious belief. This is where the conflict of character occurs between Antigone and Creon. Antigone knows that the sacred laws held by heaven are far more important... ...y exist within the two viewpoints, making a conclusion that much more difficult. passim the play, each character rattles off the reasons for their actions. Both also justify their actions religiously, believing they are the ones acting accordingly by the gods. The entire plot is a wind of conflict between personal and social motives, a scene not uncommon in todays society. Sophocles attempts to answer the debate by at last showing that the gods approved of Antigones motives and that Creon should have buried his nephew. But with so much unnecessary bloodshed commi tted at the end of the story, it is impossible to look at that this is the final decision. Sophocles believed that the individual held the power and the state shouldnt have total control over an individual. This is hardly a solution to the debate, the fact that everyone dies. Rather, it is a point that the debate will live on for all of eternity.Beaty, Jerome., et. al. The Norton Introduction to Literature. W.W. Norton and      Company 1998.

Pride Essay -- essays research papers

PrideThe word dress in itself isnt an important word but its meaning implies many things. There are several different definitions for pride. Pride can be referred to as a type of plant, a form of system ornamentation, or even a group of lions. The most commonly used definition of pride is being proud, or having a feeling of great act and feeling self-satisfaction. The word pride both positive and negative meanings that can be seen throughout history. In 1297AD, pride was described as A awareness or feeling of what is befitting or due to oneself or ones position, which prevents a person from doing what he considers to be beneath him or unworthy of him esp. as a good quality, legitimate, honest, or proper pride, self-respect also as a mistaken or misapplied feeling, false pride (OED 4). This type of pride is personal pride and the image a person must maintain to keep it. A person cannot allow them self to act in much(prenominal) a way that would be demeaning. An example of this w ould be a drill serjeant getting down with his recruits and performing the same demeaning drills as they are. The sergeants years of hard work and service would not be taken seriously if he were to lower himself to the level of their recruits therefore lowering his common sense of pride.Too much pride can lead to conceit or what we commonly call a big head. By 1340 AD, pride was comparable to arrogance. (OED 1) afterward during the Middle Ages there were seven...