Negative Impact of Genetically Modified Crops free essay sample

Genetic engineering or genetic modification, thus, involves the manipulation of genes within a species, and may also involve the transfer of genes—and thus the characteristics governed by those genes—from one species to another. Spontaneous alteration of genes takes place naturally and sometimes with no effect. A spontaneous alteration can lead to the development of both positive and negative characteristics. The method is not particularly good if the intention is to create specific changes. Genetically modified foods  are foods derived from  genetically modified organisms, (GMOs). Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by  genetic engineering  techniques. Genetic engineering goals in agriculture include improving crop production and introduction of new traits, such as enhanced nutrients, temperature resistance, or the ability to grow in saltier soils. Certain characteristics may allow a genetically modified (GM) crop to be grown, harvested, or shipped at lower cost or with less Introduction damage and may allow the crop to be grown using less pesticide. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impact of Genetically Modified Crops or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the first and still the most widespread uses of GM crop technology was the development of crops resistant to common insect pests Bacillus thuringiensis (abbreviated as Bt),which is a common soil bacterium and releases some lethal protein. In this process, first the desired genetic material is isolated from the desired plant or organism, then it is amplified and the final step involves the insertion of the genetic material into the host plant/crop to produce a genetically modified crop through different methods. Crops may yield entirely new products that are not normally derived from traditional crops—such as medicines, in some cases. The process of genetic engineering point to the potential of GM crops to improve human health and increase environmental protection. However, there are certain risks of GM crops, which may outweigh their benefits. The issues surrounding the genetic engineering of crops can be a powerful learning context for teaching ideas about the nature of science, genetics, and the use of technology.

The Chick-fil-A Essays

The Chick-fil-A Essays The Chick-fil-A Paper The Chick-fil-A Paper Chick-fil-A’s unique corporate strategy has been embedded in the company since the first store opened in 1967. The Chick-fil-A chain itself is a product of related diversification, born from a single, southern family restaurant. In 1946, founders Ben and Truett Cathy had opened a restaurant called The Dwarf House in Hapeville, Georgia. The restaurant ran successfully and after Ben was killed in a plane crash, Truett was the sole owner. Truett went on to open two more Dwarf House restaurants, where he created and served his first fried chicken filet sandwich. This became the prototype Chick-fil-A sandwich that we know today and soon began to outsell their famous hamburgers on the Dwarf House menu. In 1963, Cathy patented the name Chick-fil-A, incorporated the company and began to sell the sandwich to other restaurants. Worried that a larger chain would take his chicken sandwich idea, Truett Cathy opened the first Chick-fil-A restaurant in 1967. By 1974, there were 21 Chick-fil-A stores in Geogia and the Carolinas alone and each reflected the same four basic tenets. First of all, the company would grow not by selling franchises, but forming joint ventures with independent operators. This guarantees quality, supervision and motivation of partnership. Second, stores will be operated only in major shopping malls. Obviously this tenet was eventually abandoned, but at the time shopping malls provided the perfect atmosphere for a Chick-fil-A store. This minimized capital cost per store and maximized exposure to customers, as malls were becoming increasingly popular at this time. Third, financing would come not thru debt, but primarily from the company’s own profits. This allowed Cathy to keep ownership control and run the business in accordance with his own personal principals. This also forced the firm to be more aware of profits and prohibited the chain from growing too quickly, avoiding the risk of losing operating and quality controls. Chick-fil-A began to grow for growth’s sake, not just for profit. Lastly, and most importantly, the chief emphasis will be on the people. This refers to both the customers and the employees of Chick-fil-A. These tenets have become the core competencies of the company, placing emphasis on what is best for the company and its customers. Not venturing too far from their roots, the only diversification strategy Chick-fil-A has implemented since the opening of its first store has been the creation of Truette’s Grill. Truette’s Grill opened in 1996 as a 50’s diner themed restaurant, which features the full Chick-fil-A menu as well as items from the original Dwarf Grill restaurant. Truette’s Grill is located exclusively in Gerogia and opened its third restaurant in 2006. A huge part of their corporate strategy is the way they create the joint ventures with their independent operators. Rather than selling franchises the firm seeks out individuals, often from within the organization, to become an operator. Once approved, the operator invests $5,000 to sublease the restaurant, which Chick-fil-A has already purchased and built. Chick-fil-A provides the operators with training, technology and anything else they need. Each operator is only allowed to operate one restaurant, working full time in the restaurant they built, supervising a loyal team of employees. In 2002, more than half of the Chick-fil-A operators were making over $100,000 a year, with some making as much as $300,000. Chick-fil-A also offers licensing agreements to open a Chick-fil-A Express in places such as college campuses, hospitals and airports. Chick-fil-A has chosen not to integrate vertically or horizontally, but rather build strong relationships with different suppliers and distributors. Potential suppliers can fill out an inquiry right off of the company’s website, however the approval process is very complicated. If Chick-fil-A sees a supplier as culturally fit and financially sound, they will do follow ups such as on site inspections, audits and sample runs. If and when a supplier is approved, they will have monthly meetings with the purchasing department and continue to be tested on product quality. Although Chick-fil-A does not own any of its suppliers, they retain high standards and tight control over their supply chain. Chick-fil-A has been working closely with their main distributor, MBM, since 2000. The NC based company has over 34 locations across the US, including a location in Macon, GA that was built in 2007 specifically to better serve one of its main clients, Chick-fil-A. MBM provides Chick-fil-A with order quantity software and uses the past four weeks average order quantity to predict the next week’s order. The operator can approve the quantity or increase/decrease as much as they deem necessary. These methods of inventory control help to cut cost and reduce waste, increasing profitability. The close proximity of Chick-fil-A stores to their distributors along with their inventory control methods are valuable resources to the chain. Although these resources are not rare, inimitable and there are possible substitutes for both, they add value to the chain and contribute to its success. Without the favorable locations of the distributors, Chick-fil-A would not be able to have favorable locations of their restaurants. Just as without the technology from these types of inventory control systems, the company would not be able to minimize cost, maximize profit and reduce waste. The Cathy’s have been very smart about the financial performance of their company. By deciding from the beginning that the company would be financed primarily from their own profit rather than by borrowing, the company has been able to inherit as little debt as possible. The company expects to be debt free by 2015 and claims to have not taken on any debt since 1990. The company also has a record 43 consecutive years of annual sales increase. This strong financial performance and heavy cash flow is also one of the most valuable and necessary resources to the firm. The most valuable intangible resource to the firm is embedded deep within the roots of the company. It is their focus on the human aspect of their business that has given them a sustainable competitive advantage. By focusing on the people, both the employees and customers, Chick-fil-A has set the standards for fast food customer service. By keeping the company family owned, Cathy was able to ensure that the firm would operate in accordance with his own principals. For example, Chick-fil-A, just like the Dwarf House before it, is closed on Sundays. Though the family was ridiculed in the beginning for losing a day of business, their strong family and spiritual values insisted they reserve this day for the Lord. This was also done out of consideration for employees, giving them a day of rest to spend with their family and to worship if they choose to do so. Today, Truett Cathy’s two sons, Dan and Bubba serve as COO and Senior Vice President, respectively with their father, now 90 years old, still as CEO. By keeping the business in the family, they ensure trust and experience on the highest level. It is the capabilities of these family members that have brought Chick-fil-A where it is today. To have a board composed of family members who genuinely care about the well being of their business, who have years of experience, managerial skills, trust and trade secrets is the most valuable, inimitable, rare and non-substitutable resource. However the Cathys have worked hard to instill their principals in all their employees. While dining at a Chick-fil-A restaurant it’s impossible not to notice the manners and southern hospitality of the employees. During training, employees are instructed on how to provide excellent customer service. They are instructed to use phrases such as â€Å"My pleasure† rather than â€Å"You’re welcome† and ask â€Å"May I refresh your beverage? † rather than â€Å"Can I get you a refill? †. Aside from having good manners, employees are reminded that this is still a quick service restaurant and that speed and efficiency are of the utmost importance. Every year Chick-fil-A spends $1 million evaluating its service, giving each location a two-page report detailing how its performance compares to the chain’s top performers. This close monitoring of employees not only measures performance but also builds a team environment to become one of the highest performing restaurants. Another important human aspect to consider is the previously mentioned process of selecting a location’s operator. The capability to hire, train, and motivate employees in accordance to the founders principals is extremely valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable. It is the organizational capabilities drawn from the human resources of all employees, from the executive board to behind the counter, that ensure the high levels of customer service we expect from Chick-fil-A. The firm’s human resources also reflect a high level of social complexity; it is these practices and principals that have given Chick-fil-A its strong brand name, creating a reputation with customers for quality and reliability. The human resources and capabilities of Chick-fil-A are path-dependent; they cannot easily be recreated or imitated by a competing firm, they cannot be bought but must be built over time. https://powertochange.com/discover/faith/cathy2/ encyclopedia.com/topic/Chick-fil-A_Inc.aspx

Do universal moral principles exist If so, what are these universal Research Paper

Do universal moral principles exist If so, what are these universal morals - Research Paper Example The issue seems endless, the answer unreachable on any proven level, yet is sparks fire in the hearts of even the judges in courtrooms who must apply the law to ‘hard cases’ and stretch its definition whilst keeping in line with written provisions. Indeed, there are strong arguments both for and against the existence of universal moral standards. The issue is not one of proof; it is rather one of providing the most plausible argument. So what is a universal moral principle? It is an objective knowledge of right and wrong; a confidence in the natural goodness of human nature. Our reflective intellect possesses a direct knowledge of the qualities from which conclusions might be drawn about what these moral rules are. The biggest problem faced by this contention is answering the question: where do they come from? Are they inherent within us, or do they come from a higher being? Do we learn them over time as we grow, or were we born with the ability to access these moral principles? Aquinas makes reference to the existence of natural laws created by God, which we access by intellectual reasoning given to us by Him (Aquinas 1920, Q.2-94:2). Hare states that human logic applies to our moral assertions, allowing us to arrive at an objective standard of moral principles. Rousseau argued that we were born with a certain set of natural rights, which are then transpired into the moral respect we give each other Rousseau (17 62). If these different contentions are right, they all point to one thing; an existing set of moral principles, followed universally. So, everyone considers murder, or the taking of another’s life to be immoral. This is very plausible if one considers the law and punishment severity in law for murder; we all arguably believe in the preservation of life. However, in some societies this means killing the

1. What advantages or disadvantages will bring globalization to any Essay

1. What advantages or disadvantages will bring globalization to any small business To any large business To you as a citizen - Essay Example Globalisation in the 21st century is believed to have the ability to transform the political, economic and social environment of all member countries in the coming years. Thus, the paper tries to bring out the activities, both advantageous and disadvantageous, that result in general globalisation i.e. globalisation to both small and large businesses as well as citizens. This is the act of bringing together different people with different political, social and economic backgrounds and forming of one global community (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 2000). Behind the success of the process lies the economics of international trade, free market frameworks and investment. As earlier mentioned, globalisation encompasses integrating people from different settings, thus it bridges the gap between developing and developed nations as well as creates new cultural exchanges, business models, considerations and experiences within the participating nations (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 2000). The globalisation process began during World War II when Britain and USA leaders helped to establish the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) so as to encourage a capitalist world that is liberal and eliminate the Socialism and Marxism world (Nayyar 2000). Nayyar further affirms that the borrower of the loan from these organisations automatically qualified to follow the preset conditions i.e. reduce import barriers, eliminate financial backing for local-based industries, devalue their currency, put emphasis on export production as opposed to production for local consumption and reduce wages and expenditure on social wellbeing. These conditions resulted in a number of open economies developing a mechanism for integrating with other economies which led to the formation of the World Trade Organisation. Small businesses, small and medium enterprises or simply SME’s as referred to in the European Union (EU) and by other

Comparison six research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparison six research methods - Essay Example Longitudinal studies as well as observational studies are generally used in those places where a lot of time is taken to finally extract useful information. Questionnaire surveys are used for getting quick responses and used for pilot studies as well as feedback processes. Focus groups and Delphi techniques generally use experts as their respondents. All of the above methods have their own benefits and disadvantages. Few limitations of these market research methods have also been discussed which can be further studied and reinvented to form better and more efficient research methods. Introduction Business research is described as an organized and systematic effort which aims to investigate a specific issue or problem which has been encountered during the work setting and requires solving (Seale, 2004). The first stage in a research process is the identification of the critical problem. Once the problem has been clearly defined, the next steps include gathering information, analyzing data and solving the problem by taking necessary steps and corrective measures. Research methods Research methods are of various categories depending on the requirements of the research. These methods use different approaches, tools and techniques for conducting a research. However, they can be divided into two broad categories. Quantitative methods are generally used during development research while participatory or qualitative research is used to get desirable outcomes. Even though these research methods are continuously used in various research questions and studies, yet they are continuously being developed as well as integrated in order to gain better results (Coffey & Aktinson, 1996). A thin line of difference exists between research methods and research methodology. While research methods talks about specific activities which are created to generate data, research methodology is about the understanding as well as attitude of the researcher towards the strategy and research w hich is chosen in order to answer the research questions. Implication and Discussion Longitudinal study is a type of correlation research involving repeated observations. This type of study can extend for many years and even decades. Here the same participants are studied for a particular period (Diggle, Heagerty, Liang & Zeger, 2002). It is generally used while studying clinical events such as, HIV patients and their diseases and immunity status, across various countries and over time (Frison & Pocock, 1992). It is used in individual studies where participants are studied and tracked (Hogan & Laird, 1997). It is also used in household panel studies where people are tracked and observed within their vicinity for collecting data. Longitudinal studies are high in terms of validity. Individuals usually fail to remember previous events and even if they are insisted, they might not remember the correct data. Longitudinal studies are particularly helpful in finding out long term variation s or changes. The estimates collected in this study are more efficient compared to cross-sectional studies (Donner & Klar, 1994). However, there are certain limitations associated with longitudinal studies. Gathering results during longitudinal study is very difficult as it is time taking and tedious. More often than not, participants drop out before completion of the survey. This process is known as subject attrition and is very

Different Styles of Writing :: Writing Writers Education Essays

Different Styles of Writing Over the past couple of weeks I’ve learned a lot about the styles of writing. I have read both Joseph M. Williams: Style Toward Clarity and Grace along with William Strunk and E.B. White’s The Elements of Style which have both expanded my mind on style in papers. Throughout this paper I’m going to explain the following things that I think are the most important in terms of style in a paper for school, work and everyday life. I think the number one of the most important thing about style is Chapter 3 in Strunk and White’s book called A Few Matters of Form. I think it’s the most important because it teaches you so much about things that you may over use in a paper or that you may have no clue how to use. For myself the most useful thing from this chapter was the part on using numerals. According to Strunk and White they state â€Å"Do not spell out dates or other serial numbers. Write them in figures or in Roman notation, as appropriate. Example: August 9th or Rule 3. Exception: When they occur in dialogue, most dates and numbers are best spelled out. Example: I arrived home on August ninth.† (Page 35) I have always done this wrong and no grammar or college teacher has ever explained the same way of doing this. Which is why I think it’s one of the most important things about writing, you have to know the correct way to write something in order for it to sound good. I'm not saying that Strunk and White's rule is set in stone. I'm just simple stating that I can see how this rule could be correct. Something else from that chapter that was extremely useful, that I found helpful was the use of exclamation marks. "Do not attempt to emphasize simple statements by using a mark of exclamation. Example: What a wonderful show! Correct way: What a wonderful show.† (Page 34) I think that sometimes I get exclamation point happy if you will, because I do exactly what they tell you not to do I put them in to make words sound more exciting. Another chapter that I found to be extremely useful in the Strunk and White text was Chapter 4: Words and Expressions Commonly Misused.

Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay

To travel markets back towards perfect competition, have to hold a really big figure of houses, complete freedom of entry, a homogenous merchandise and perfect cognition of the goods. In the short tally, the supranormal net incomes can be because there is no clip for new houses to prosecute the market. However, the supranormal net incomes will be competed by new houses in the long tally. In the short tally, the demand curve and the supply curve is equal to fringy cost. In the long tally, monetary value is equal to hanker run mean cost. The perfect competition market is a monetary value taker, so the monetary value is non alteration.MonopolyIn monopoly, has merely one house in an industry, restricted or wholly out of use freedom of entry, merely one alone merchandise. Barriers to the entry of new houses is apparent to protect a monopoly from rivals such as economic systems of graduated table, control over supplies of inputs or end products, patents or right of first publication, and t actics to extinguish challengers. Monopoly will acquire maximized monetary values. If the demand curve and cost curve of monopoly are the same of absolutely competitory industry, monopoly will bring forth less and halt at the higher monetary value than absolutely competitory industry to maintain their clients. Potential of rivals is of import such as a house ‘s monetary value and scheme.Monopolistic CompetitionIn monopolistic competition, has a rather big figure of houses, unrestricted freedom of entry, has different sort of merchandises. In the short tally, the houses can gain supranormal net incomes because clients still want to purchase the merchandises even though the monetary value goes up. However, in the long tally, the demand curve will touch the long-term norm cost curve ; it means the monetary value goes up so clients do non desire to purchase the merchandises because their wages still the same degree. Therefore, the houses will non acquire more net incomes. Many hou ses under monopolistic competition can prosecute in non-price competition such as merchandise development and advertisement to keep an advantage over their challengers. Monopolistically competitory houses may hold higher costs than absolutely competitory houses, but clients can acquire different sort of merchandises. Monopolistically competitory houses possibly have fewer economic systems than monopolies and have less research and development, but they can maintain monetary values lower than under monopoly.OligopolyIn oligopoly, has few figure of houses, restricted freedom of entry, has apathetic merchandises or merchandise distinction. Besides the houses under monopolistic competition, there are assorted barriers to the entry but similar to under monopoly.Chapter fourMarket StructuresTable Of ContentssIntroduction†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 1Theory†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 2 – 3Part I – Perfect Competition†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 4 – 7Part II – Monopoly†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 8 – 10Part III – Monopolistic Competition†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 11 – 13Part IV – Oligopoly†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 14 – 15Decision†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 16Mentions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 17IntroductionPresents, the market construction of the concern are plentiful and assorted. Classifying markets require each company or house have to understand item clearly to be after the right manner to make concern. As a consequence, market construction has four sorts: Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. It can be said, in any states which besides happen to positive and negative of each type. Therefore, chapter Four of Necessities of Economics is traveling to explicate four types of market construction. Besides, the competitions are between companies together is based on what sort of concern and the strength they have from each specific instance. This chapter besides give information about advantage and disadvantage of market construction because some sorts can acquire much net income merely and some sorts have to vie. In peculiar, each house will hold assorted schemes because they will hold assorted challengers and competitions.TheoryThe manner purchasers and providers interacts each other in the industry to make up one's mind the monetary value and the measure is defined as market construction. There are 4 market constructions that have been used in the economic universe: Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition ( Imperfect competition ) and Oligopoly. Perfect competition is the free-entry market in which there are limitless purchasers and Sellerss called monetary value taker. They have no power to command the monetary value of the merchandises which merely based on demand and supply in the market. There is a market that has merely individual marketer. It is stated as Monopoly market where the monetary value is set by one marketer. Example: EVN, Petrolimex†¦ Monopolistic competition or Imperfect competition is similar to hone competition, which has a batch of Sellerss bring forthing a differentiated merchandise. Each can put its ain monetary value and measure ; nevertheless, they are excessively little to act upon the whole market monetary value and measure. Oligopoly is the market which has a little figure of Sellerss in the industry. At least one determination about the monetary value or the measure of one house can count to the others. Finally, when different purchasers buy the merchandise by different monetary value, that statement is defined as monetary value favoritism. In international trading, sometime it can do a dumping[ 1 ].CASE STUDYChapter 4Market STRUTURESPart IPERFECT COMPETITIONThe economic system, in general, is all about competition. Competition is good because it makes clients to be a male monarch who can make up one's mind what productions they will utilize and how quality is that. However, true aims of houses are n't to do the clients to be a male monarch. What they try to make is maximise their net incomes. But in ‘perfect competition market ‘ , the fact is, houses can do supranormal net incomes in the short-term but in the long tally they wo n't do any net incomes. They merely have adequate to remain in concern. Perfect competition is a market construction where all houses produce the same merchandise and noA producerA orA consumerA has the rightA or ability toA controlA theA market, A asA affect the monetary value. Perfect Competition is merely a theory that does n't be in the existent universe because of so many conditions have to be met. However, there are markets that come near to perfect competition market if it has four following conditions. First, there are so many houses or manufacturers that participate in the market and none of them have a right to alter the market monetary value. For case, the market for rice in Vietnam is so broad. Regardless of one husbandman has produced 100 more kgs of rice, the rice market monetary value is still maintained the same. This status of each house being so little that they are undistinguished comparative to the market is what makes the MR curve horizontal or absolutely elastic.[ 2 ] Fringy Revenue curve[ 3 ] One house can bring forth a noticeable sum of end product but it is nil compared to the market. As a consequence, the extra end product the house produces can be sold at the same monetary value as smaller measures of end product. Second, it has to be the market where all houses are selling an indistinguishable merchandise produced in the same manner. When all houses produce an indistinguishable merchandise, they are called homogenous merchandises.[ 4 ]The premise about homogenous merchandises means that all houses will sell their merchandises at the same monetary value. If all the merchandises from different houses are indistinguishable, clients will choose houses by taking the lowest monetary value. Any house that set their monetary value higher than others will lose all its clients. Third, there is no limitation to come in or go out the market means that new houses can easy acquire into the industry every bit good as the older houses can acquire out. In long-term, this is really of import. New houses when they try to come in the industry, there is no other manner to vie with other houses beside of lower their monetary value to pull clients. The existing houses must follow the new lower monetary value in order non to lose clients and after that, supranormal net incomes are no more. That is the ground why in long tally, houses merely make adequate net incomes to remain in the concern. Finally, 4th conditions, is that all houses are to the full cognizant of monetary values, the manner of lower cost of production and market chances and clients know all about the monetary value, the quality of the merchandise at all times.[ 5 ]The economic expert called it by perfect cognition or perfect information. Although Perfect Competition does n't be in any existent economic systems, it is an ideal economic that make the economic become better and more expeditiously. In other words,